Frequency of maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancies among women with type 1 diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v37i2.1009Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and spectrum of maternal and neonatal complications in pregnancies among women with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective study, and Continuous variables are expressed as mean (SD) and categorical variables as frequencies and percentages.
Results: Out of 125 identified pregnancies, 80 had complete records and were analysed. The mean age at first pregnancy was 22.96 (3.80) years; the mean duration of diabetes before pregnancy was 6.84 (7.20) years; the mean HbA1c at conception was 7.92 (2.11) %. Three-quarters {60 (75.0%)} of pregnancies were unplanned, and 42 (52.5%) of women had received preconception counselling on glycaemic targets. Folic acid supplementation in the first trimester was reported by 72 (90.0%). Maternal complications included hypertension {20 (25.0%)}, shock {12 (15.0%)}, acute renal failure {10 (12.5%)}, thrombotic embolism {7 (8.8%)}, and pre-eclampsia {4 (5.0%)}; 48 (60.0%) delivered by caesarean section and maternal mortality was 2 (2.5%). Neonatal complications comprised hypoglycaemia {16 (20.0%)}, preterm birth <37 weeks {59 (73.8%)}, stillbirth {10 (12.5%)}, respiratory disorders {7 (8.8%)}, low birth weight {6 (7.5%)}, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy {4 (5.0%)}, macrosomia {3 (3.8%)}, and jaundice {3 (3.8%)}.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that pregnancies in women with type 1 diabetes are attended by high frequencies of both maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes, notably hypertensive disorders, caesarean delivery, and neonatal hypoglycaemia.
Keywords: Hypoglycaemia; Preconception Care; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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